Entries in religion (26)

Sunday
10Jan2010

Religion v Science debate about God (with criticism and suggestions)

UPDATE


I forgot to express sufficient gratitude that the esteemed Professor Cowburn has graced us with his kind “belief in evolution.” Without that, we’d be listening to him drone on
endlessly about how God punishes our hubris by his Making of the Fake Fossils on the Sixth Day. The horror. 

A televised debate from November 2009 in London, followed by criticism and suggestions 

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The debate

The biggest problem with this debate is the question. It didn’t really go anywhere interesting, nor did it seem to sway anyone in the audience (largely Christian, as it was held in a church.) I think the sub-text to all of Cowburn’s statements is an attempt to refute Dawkins’ “God is a delusion and religion is a virus” thesis.

Viewers should disregard any claims by Professor Cowburn that he is a humble garden-variety Christian. His smirk and air of self-satisfaction betray an absolute certainty in his righteousness, but in the end, high self-esteem and expertise in nano-technology don’t by themselves prove that “God and science go together.” Cowburn experienced an independent religious conversion to Christianity at age 18, presumably away from the “normal” British secularism of his family. Unfortunately, we don’t know if Cowburn is a Papist or Evangelical Protestant or what. He does seem to want everyone to accept Jeebus as God’s proxy, being such an important “pinch point.”

New rule: don’t coin new words and phrases to make your argument. If you say “pinch point” for example, your opponent may challenge the term. Should it be missing from the dictionary, your opponent may then use it freely to mean anything he wants — but you may not.

Criticism of the arguments

  • Overstating what can be expected from science makes a convenient straw-man argument to easily shoot down. I agree that science can’t answer Cowburn’s question “Does my wife love me?” but considering general infidelity rates, I think a better question with a more useful answer would be “Does my wife love me more than the milkman?”
  • Cowburn shows his ignorance of applied science in military matters with his silly example “what does science say about the war in Iraq?” Intelligence gathering, threat evaluation and war “gaming” all use state-of-the art “science” as does the field of game theory. It’s only recently that a computer won against a chess grand master; perhaps Cowburn would rather everyone pray for guidance rather than attempt a rigorous answer to the Iraq war question. His obvious unstated opinion is that his faith gives him moral superiority, and hence he can answer the question better than “science.” All of which is utter nonsense, of course. Cowburn is also apparently ignorant of what the Downing Street memo proved: that the “Iraq war” wasn’t a question to be posed, but a given around which everything else was to be choreographed
  • For believers, “proving” a Supreme Being exists or seeking such proof could be seen as an sign of weak faith. If you know Jeebus is your personal savior, why prove anything? Doesn’t that imply you haven’t completely given yourself over to your Messiah?
  • I dislike the implication that hard science and religious dogma are the only things of use to nurture civil society. It’s important to inform your arguments with the best knowledge and information at hand, and realize that your argument must persuade regardless of faith or lack of it
  • I found the claims about Jesus proving God, endorsing Abraham & subsuming all Abrahamic faiths, ridiculous. Cowburn realized his error later in the debate, and claimed “Jesus proves the existence of the Abrahamic God” which I find ridiculous still, but coherent (a well-formed theorem, but false)
  • I dislike the fact that this religious argument admits no possible errors in the doctrine, and makes no attempt to separate valuable human parables from completely outdated social policies. I’d rather people didn’t ask everyone to accept their “miracles” and genesis myths as factual. Second- and third-hand accounts, accounts recorded decades after events, language muddled through multiple translations, and suppression of unpopular accounts must be dealt with honestly
  • Cowburn misstates the Atheist position regarding the existence of a divine dictator. A request that extraordinary evidence accompany extraordinary claims is quite different from the notion that the existence of said dictator has been or can be disproved. This is elementary logic and rhetoric, and a cynical attempt to rebut an argument that was never made. The impossibility of proving a negative is well-known and quite tedious regarding the question “does God exist?” The more interesting issue is whether one thinks the existence of God is provable in the affirmative at all. Cowburn apparently thinks it is, and his proof is his personal conversion to Christianity via the New Testament (King James edition?) at age 18. Hallelujah, praise be, yada yada. Snore.

Possibly related suggestions

Try to get as far away from this anti-example as you can (stick around for the intro to evolution concepts)

Headless transcript: mumble has become mumble from mumbletypeg. Correct? A has become A from A’. Correct? You have become yourself from your parent. Correct?
I wish I could count past the one after one. I hate the idea of meeting my great-great-great-great-great-great grandfather at the zoo. Our ancestors are lurking around waiting to stab us in a dark alley, dirty clever gorillas. Or lemurs. Or benobo. Or is it monkeys?
Are we marsupials or insects? I’m confused! Man is a manimal, and so is a whale, but not shark week. Sharks are like water snakes, cold blooded! When can I get a manimarsupial pouch for my cell phone? Sign me up, forget that river crap!

 

  • Comparative religion and the history of religion deserve more study. Was it the Franciscans and the Catholics that had the epic battle and split over whether Jeebus had a purse? Yes, more or less: Wikipedia: Apostolic Poverty (I’m pleased I remembered that factoid)
  • The fracturing of at least 2 of the big 3 religions into conflicting orders and sects shows me that regardless of which lucky religion (if any) holds the magic key to the pearly gates, it isn’t a discernable fact and should never be used as an argument for or against any proposition. It is a sin of pride, false judgment and hubris to regard another as inferior because of a difference in faith. Faith is largely an accident of birth — most commonly it is inherited from your family and community. How cruel it would be if the other (roughly) two thirds of humans lost the coin toss, and will be eternally damned because their parents were Pastafarians. Is the divine dictator benevolent if he gives you at best a one-in-three chance for salvation? Are we but chips on a divine Craps table that He is gambling with cynically?
  • A person who claims their faith commands them to forcibly convert all others to it risks forgetting the lessons of history and guarantees a grim future
  • Dogma reformation can be and has been accomplished. Literal, fundamentalist interpretation of ancient dogma is too common. Articles of faith are not “true” but instead are possibly relevant or valuable to modern human society. Often these articles are “religious” commands requiring or forbidding garments, personal grooming, body exposure, sex, flirtation, visibility of ankles, discussions of items like these, appeals to an elder, stonings, castings out, ad lib infinitum. These are ancient relics, useful only to bind you together with a false cord. Please look harder to see what’s relevant. It might not matter that you do things a certain way.  It probably matters more that you all follow strict rules, eat the same diet and worship together. It’s even more relevant if you are thousands strong in a giant crystal cave on a mountain top, with a tall masculine leader who claims to be your new Messiah come to Earth to lead you in battle! Please call me immediately and reverse the charges should this happen. This is both valuable and relevant — and quite rare thankfully
  • First leave your dogma with the cat and then please argue your position on HIV prevention, birth control, and the like and explain how it is applicable to all affected humans of all (or no) faiths
  • Last I checked we are all human, regardless of genetic differences. Let us not allow our brothers and sisters and our tiny blue dot to suffer outrageous harm, acts of genocidal violence, terrorism and wholesale damage to delicate ecosystems. And let us not become ideological extremists serving some fervently misguided cause (i.e. Earth Liberation Front, P.E.T.A. 
  • Let us strive to avoid becoming “protest addicts” who would rather yell at strangers with a bullhorn than have a debate on the merits of policy

Fair warning

  • The survival through 2009 of the 9/11 conspiracies in the U.S. is a sign that many people are becoming less interested in “objective reality.” By “objective reality” I mean (roughly) reasonable, coherent determination of causes, effects, motives and threats
  • The “tower of Babel” is quickly being brought down by technology. In its place is being constructed a grand temple of all faiths past and present, with Beelzebub collecting the exorbitant rent, payable only in human blood, to be sure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_poverty
Tuesday
15Dec2009

Max Weinberg returns favor (Tonight show holiday song, Hulu)

Sen. Orrin Hatch recently co-wrote and sang a Jewish holiday song, so Max Weinberg returned the favor. Includes a performance by the Mormon Tappernacle Choir.

Wednesday
09Dec2009

What you are watching: most viewed video today (who ARE all these people)

They call this the “hockey stick”

Unfortunately, I don’t have a good explanation for why this video “took off” like it did today. It’s one of many I’ve collected in which Maddow covers the ongoing political scandal around the sect “The Family” and the “church” located on “C Street” in Washington DC.

The Family Values of C Street politicians

I have a similar problem with the ongoing popularity of a post about an “out and proud” neocon I ran into “in the wild.” The traffic it generates from all over the world is not explained by any search terms or referring web sites.

Enter Neocon Stage Right - Exit Neocon Stage Right


 

After the White House gate crashers segment, Maddow airs audio from Nevada Sen. Ensign’s appearance on a Las Vegas radio program. Hal Turner caps the segment.

Wednesday
02Dec2009

Crescent and the Cross Part Four (BBC World Service)

BBC World Service episode link

In the final part of this series, Owen Bennett-Jones examines the Islamic leader who confronted the might of the British Empire. The Mahdi was a devout man, who developed a huge following. This programme examines his rise to power and his clash with the British General, Charles Gordon.

The frontline between Christendom and the Islamic world has shifted for over a millennium, and at several key moments has erupted into war.

To the list of combatants from the past - Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Mahdi and Gordon of Khartoum - we now have to add George Bush and Osama bin Laden.

The Crescent and the Cross, explores several turning points in the relationship between Christianity and Islam.

In the final part of this series, Owen Bennett-Jones examines the Islamic leader who confronted the might of the British Empire.

The guided one

The siege of Khartoum was a rare moment of defeat for imperial Britain. And the conflict had a religious edge. The two sides were led by very devout men: General Charles Gordon and Mohammed Ahmed, a boat builder’s son who declared himself to be the Mahdi, or guided one.

The British government had in fact sent General Gordon to Khartoum to evacuate some Egyptian troops who were garrisoned in the city. But he did not want to leave without inflicting a defeat on the Mahdi.

The Mahdi though had recruited followers who admired his devotion to his faith. “When he felt hungry he would go the river and throw in the hook without putting a bait on it,” says his great-great-granddaughter Dr Mariam Sadiq al Mahdi. The young man thought bait was an unfair trick which cheated the fish. “If he gets a fish, that is what Allah brought to him. If not, that is his fate.” 

Listen: Mariam Sadiq al Mahdi speaks to Owen Bennett-Jones

From those pious beginnings the Mahdi built a mass movement with remarkable speed. “He was very charismatic,” said Dr Ali Saleh Karah of Sudan’s National Record Office, “and he appealed to a number of Sudanese people because he claimed to be a descendant of the prophet.”

The Record Office houses a collection of documents relating to the Mahdi. His fatwas in particular give a clear indication of the kind of Islam he believed in.

Anti imperialist father of the nation

Today many Sudanese revere the Mahdi as an anti imperialist father of the nation. But some modern historians are not convinced. “I think this is entirely historical,” says Justin Willis of Durham University. “I think the Mahdi himself had very little idea of a Sudanese nation and certainly would have had no idea that he would be seen as the father of it in years to come. I think probably it’s equally misleading to see him in some way as leader of a crusade against Christian invaders. The Mahdi was from his own point of view quite clearly interested in the revival of Islam and his struggle was against corrupt Muslim rulers.”

The Mahdi may have wanted to wage war on fellow Muslims but before doing so he had to win control of Khartoum. And with Gordon determined to hold the city, a clash became inevitable. After months of siege in which Gordon and his men were reduced to eating their horses, the Mahdi’s men broke through the city’s defences.

Gordon himself was beheaded - although historians on both sides now believe this was probably not under the Mahdi’s orders. “Both Gordon and Mahdi respected one another as human beings,” says one of Sudan’s most respected historians, Dr Yusuf Fadl Hassan. “The Mahdi thought highly of Gordon as a good Christian, compared with some of the Muslims whom he thought did not follow the teaching of Islam.”

If the Mahdi respected Gordon, the British press lionised him as a Christian hero whose devotion to duty knew no bounds. The Daily News, for example, wrote that “General Gordon will be remembered always in our history as the noblest type of warrior.”

That assessment overlooked the fact that had he obeyed orders, Gordon would never have tried to hold on to Khartoum in the first place. But he did and having been humiliated, London had to respond. The Mahdi himself died in 1885, but in 1896, an expedition was sent to avenge Gordon’s death and the Mahdi’s forces were defeated at Omdurman.

First broadcast 30 November 2009

This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons.

Wikipedia: Muhammad Ahmad

Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (otherwise known as The Mahdi or Muhammad Ahmed Al Mahdi Arabic:محمد أحمد المهدي) (1844-08-121885-06-22) was a religious leader in Sudan who proclaimed himself the Mahdi (the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will appear at the end of times) in 1881, and declared a jihad against Egyptian authority in Sudan. He raised an army and led a successful religious war to topple the Egyptian occupation of Sudan.

Under his religious authority the divided clans of the Baggara and their rulers the Fur tribesmen were united into an alliance dedicated to establishing an “Islamic” state as the first step in a universal Islamic state.

In the West, due to the film Khartoum and other historical accounts, he is known for leading a siege against the city to drive the Egyptians and the British from Khartoum or to slaughter them. When Ahmad’s armies overran the city, they beheaded British general Charles George Gordon, in the fall of Khartoum. Ahmad himself died soon after.

Without his leadership his movement and state lost much of its momentum. Attempts to expand by invading neighbors were unsuccessful, and famine, disease, persecution and warfare killed off about half Sudan’s population.[1] In 1898 an invading British army destroyed the Mahdi’s army at the battle of Omdurman.

Mahdi and jihad declarations

In 1881 Muhammad Ahmed declared himself Mahdi and ruler so as to prepare the way for the second coming of the Prophet Isa (Jesus),. “After consulting the ulama”, Egyptian authorities “attempted to arrest him for spreading false doctrine.” A military expedition was sent to reassert the government’s authority on Aba Island, but the government’s forces were ambushed and nearly annihilated by the Mahdi’s followers.[citation needed] Muhammad Ahmed retaliated by declaring jihad.

I am the Mahdi, the Successor of the Prophet of God. Cease to pay taxes to the infidel Turks and let everyone who finds a Turk kill him, for the Turks are infidels [3]

Unlike other Muslim reformers, the Mahdi did not advocate the application of ijtihad but “claimed to receive direct inspiration from God”, so that his own proclamations superseded traditional jurisprudence. This, however, did not usurp the prophet Muhammad’s position as seal of the Prophets, because the Prophet was — in some way — the intermediary of his revelations.

Information came from the Apostle of God that the angel of inspiration is with me from God to direct me and He has appointed him. So from this prophetic information I learnt that that with which God inspires me by means of the angel of inspiration, the Apostle of God would do, were he present.[4]

Khartoum

Given their general lack of interest in the area, the British decided to abandon the Sudan in December 1883, holding only several northern towns and Red Sea ports, such as Khartoum, Kassala, Sannar, and Sawakin. The evacuation of Egyptian troops and officials and other foreigners from Sudan was assigned to General Gordon, who had been reappointed governor general with orders to return to Khartoum and organize a withdrawal of the Egyptian garrisons there.

Modifications of Sharia

With Sudan now in Sudanese hands, the Mahdi formed a government. The Mahdiyya (Mahdist regime) modified the Shariah, (Islamic law) which would be implemented by Islamic courts headed by various Islamic imams, in accordance with the view of an Islamic state. The courts enforced a Sharia law that the Mahdi claimed was founded on instructions conveyed to him by God in visions.

According to this doctrine loyalty to him was essential to true belief. The recitation of the shahada was modified to include and Muhammad Ahmad is the Mahdi of God and the representative of His Prophet. Among the five pillars, service in the “jihād” replaced the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) as a duty incumbent on the faithful (though Jihad-warfare is central to orthodox Islam, it is not considered one of the five pillars of faith).

He also authorized the burning of lists of pedigrees and books of law and theology because of their association with the old regime and because he believed that they accentuated tribalism at the expense of religious unity.

 

Monday
30Nov2009

Intelligence Squared Debate - Atheism is the new fundamentalism

 

Intelligence² Debate: “Atheism is the new fundamentalism”

This was the first IQ² debate broadcast live, with an associated twitter hashtag. A few questions were taken from the twitter stream. Note: many of the uses of the hashtag since yesterday are “hashtag spam.”

Intelligence² on twitter

Twitter search: #iq2atheism

 

The motion proposes that “atheism is the new fundamentalism”, i.e., atheism has replaced religion as the new faith of the secular age, exploring the notion that modern atheism is itself guilty of the very dogma and belief in its own infallibility which it scorns in the religious community.

Speaking for the motion are Richard Harries and Charles Moore.

Richard Harries outlines the features and the history of fundamentalism, arguing that many of the criteria required for it are in fact apparent in today’s atheists. He portrays a set of people with narrow views, arguing against a specific view of God, who forget that some of the greatest philosophy, art, poetry and music has been inspired and supported by Christianity the very belief system that is accused of restricting the creative process by its refusal to allow for the grand perhaps (Browning).

Charles Moore insists that his opponents cannot see the true complexity of the argument, and that they emphasise the physical and the scientific aspect of humanity at the cost of any spiritual understanding. He criticises Richard Dawkins for embodying this crude and narrow pursuit of literal truth above all else.

Opposing the motion are A.C. Grayling and Richard Dawkins.

Professor Grayling maintains that since 9/11, the nature of the debate on religious commitment has become far more serious. He distinguishes between atheism, secularism and humanism. He refutes Moore’s suggestion that atheists cannot fully understand the complexity of the religious experience, insisting that many atheists understand it all too well, having been brought up in a religious family or community.

Richard Dawkins defines fundamentalism as the following: blind obedience to scripture regardless of evidence, allied to extremism. He argues that far from being entrenched fundamentalists, atheists have a commitment to exploring evidence, and a readiness to embrace change, and that we should not mistake the passion of their arguments or their refusal to remain silent for fundamentalism.